Upper Canada Land Surrenders and the Williams Treaties
  • This document gives the historic explanation of the Upper Canada Land Surrenders and the Williams Treaties (1764–1862/1923)
  • The Upper Canada Land Surrenders were a series of agreements that surrendered Indigenous land to the Crown (for settlers and development) throughout the province of Ontario in exchange for money.
  • The Williams Treaties (1923) was the last historic land cession in Canada, which was made with seven First Nations groups, the federal government, and the Ontario government, which gave the Crown land in exchange for cash payments.
  • Both the Upper Canada Land Surrenders and the Williams Treaties have had a large impact on the land distribution within the province of Ontario and have caused controversy leading to the development of new agreements to address the inequalities in the initial treaties.
Citation

Canada. Crown-Indigenous Relations and Northern Affairs Canada. Upper Canada Land Surrenders and the Williams Treaties (1764-1862/1923). 2013. https://www.rcaanc-cirnac.gc.ca/eng/1360941656761/1544619778887#uc

Further Readings

For more information on the Upper Canada Land Surrenders: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/article/upper-canada-land-surrenders

Policy Sub-Topic
Modern and Historic Treaties (Indigenous Peoples)
Policy Type
Treaty

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