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National Security and Defence (Canada-U.S. Relations)


Operation Friction

  • This is the official account of the participation by Canadian armed forces in the Gulf War written by two officers who served the conflict with a specific focus on the Canadian-specific mission, known as Operation Friction.

Air Transport Agreement

  • The Air Transport Agreement is a bilateral air agreement signed by the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States.
  • This agreement helped ease restrictions on air travel between the two countries and is known as a major modern diplomatic achievement between the two nations.

Modernizing the North American Air Defence System

  • During the mid 1980s, the Government of Canada and the United States Government began making advancements to modernize to the former North American Air Defence System (consisting of the Distant Early Warning or the DEW line).
  • These modernization discussions recognized the obsolescence and inadequacies of the current technologies in fulfilling its defence responsibilities, and began the p

The Canadian Caper

  • The "Canadian Caper" was the joint covert rescue operation by the Government of Canada and the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) that rescued six American diplomats who escaped from the US embassy in Tehran.
  • This event occurred during the Iranian Revolution (1978–79) and in November 1979, a group of radical Iranians, consisting of primarily university students, broke into the American Embassy in Tehran and held a group American staff hostage for months on end in h

Canada and the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe

  • The Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE) was founded in 1975 in Finland and is the world's largest security-driven intergovernmental organization, which works on early warning technology, conflict prevention, crisis management, and post-conflict rehabilitation in the Europe/Eurasian region.
  • Both Canada and the United States are members of this organization and both countries foreign policy priorities align with the goals of the OSCE.

Distant Early Warning (DEW) System

  • This is the official document establishing the use of the Distant Early Warning (DEW) System within Canadian territory by the Canadian Ambassador to the United States of America to the Secretary of State of the United States of America.
  • The DEW Line was an integrated chain of 63 radar and communication centres stretching over 3000 miles from Alaska through Canada and into Greenland and Iceland.

The PineTree Line

  • In 1951, Canada and the United States feared an attack on North America by Soviet bombers, so as a result, the two nations agreed to build the Pinetree Line of radar detection sites that would be located across the northern US and southern Canada.
  • Plans to build the PineTree Line began with the Permanent Joint Board of Defence in 1946, but due to high costs, the plan would not begin until 1951, following the increased threat of Soviet bombing with the successful t