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Specific Claims and Treaty Rights (Indigenous Peoples)


Bill C-15

  • This is the official Bill C-15 An Act respecting the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples, which had its first reading on December 3, 2020, and received Royal Assent on June 21, 2021.

Federal Government's Response to the Marshall Decisions

  • Ever since the Marshall decision in 1999, the Canadian Government has fought to improve the ability for First Nations communities to achieve a moderate livelihood through hunting, gathering, and fishing.
  • The Department of Oceans and Fisheries has funded more than $550 million, some of which has gone into financially helping Indigenous people by incorporating them into commercial fisheries.

Federal Special Representative and the Right to Fish in Pursuit of a Moderate Livelihood

  • Following the 1999 Supreme Court Marshall decision based on the Peace and Friendship Treaties of 1760–1761, the courts affirmed the rights of Indigenous communities right to hunt, fish, and gather for a moderate livelihood.
  • However, the courts did not institute any mechanism to ensure the rights were upheld.
  • As a result, the Federal Minister of Fisheries and Oceans appointed a

Canada's Legislation Respecting the UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples

  • This is the Government of Canada's news release on their legislation that respects the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples.
  • After rejecting the initial UN Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples in 2007, the Government of Canada endorsed the Declaration in 2016.
  • In 2020, Bill C-15 was proposed to show Canada's commitment to the effective imple

The Oka Crisis

  • This is the Canadian government's publication on the Oka Crisis, 30 years after the crisis.
  • This statement, which was made by the Minister of Crown-Indigenous Relations, the Minister of Indigenous Services, and the Minister of Northern Affairs to remember the horrible events that took place.
  • In short, the Oka Crisis was a standoff between the Mohawk protestors, Quebec police, t

Government of Canada and the Duty to Consult

  • This policy discusses the Canadian government's responsibility to consult with Indigenous groups prior to making a decision that will impede the potential or established treaty rights of Indigenous peoples.
  • This page includes five examples where this duty was put to the test, the official duties of federal officials, the guidelines and protocols for consultation, and the Memoranda of Understanding between provincial/territorial/federal governments.