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Climate and Environment (Canada-U.S. Relations)


Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate

  • The Major Economies Forum on Energy and Climate is a forum introduced by former US President Barack Obama in 2009, intended to facilitate candid dialogue among developing and developed economies to help mobilize leaders of nations in order to achieve a successful outcome at the December 2009 UN Climate Change conference.
  • This Forum remains a way to influence political will among member countries to achieve greenhouse gas emissions reduction by transforming economi

Great Lakes Agreement and Compact

  • The Great Lakes-Saint Lawrence River Basin Sustainable Water Resources Agreement is an agreement of good faith made among Governors of the US states of Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, New York, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin and the Premiers of Canadian provinces of Ontario and Quebec.
  • The purpose of this agreement is to outline how the States and Provinces will manage the water basins' of the Great Lakes and provides a framework for the Great Lake Stat

Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum

  • The Carbon Sequestration Leadership Forum (CSLF) is a Ministerial-level international climate change initiative that began in 2003 and focuses on developing cost-effective and more advanced technology to capture carbon dioxide for transportation and long-term safe storage.
  • The CSLF mission is to "facilitate the development and deployment of such technologies via collaborative efforts that address key technical, economic, and environmental obstacles".

Migratory Birds Convention Act

  • The Migratory Birds Convention Act was the result of the Canada-US signing of the Convention for Protection of Migratory Birds (or the Migratory Birds Convention) and helped enforce regulations to protect migratory birds (including their eggs and nests) from destruction by wood harvesting, hunting, trafficking, and commercialization. 

Canada-US Air Quality Agreement

  • The Agreement between the Government of Canada and the Government of the United States on Air Quality (AQA) was signed and enforced in March 1991 in order to combat the cross-border air pollution and its lingering impacts, which, at the time, was acid rain.
  • To combat these effects, Canada and the US signed this agreement in 1991, and a decade later, the agreement was updated to include ground-level ozone to reduce smog.

Columbia River Water Treaty

  • The Columbia River Treaty is a transboundary water management agreement between Canada and the US, ratified in 1964 (but established in 1961) to organize the development and operation of dams in the Columbia River basin to produce power and control water flow for both countries.
  • The catalyst for this Treaty was a devastating flood in 1948 in Vanport, Oregon, and a growing demand for power in the Pacific Northwest.

Great Lakes Basin Compact

  • The Great Lakes Commission (GLC) was created in 1955 by the Great Lakes Basin Compact.
  • By 1968, the United States Congress consented to the Compact and the interstate compact agency along with the commission.
  • The Great Lakes Basin Compact was a legally binding interstate compact that details how to manage and use the Great Lakes' water supply and involved the states of Illinois

St. Lawrence Seaway Act

  • This is the official St. Lawrence Seaway Act (which would later be known as the Wiley-Dondero Bill) signed by US President Eisenhower in May 1954, which approved construction of the seaway in the House of Representatives.
  • The following month, the Government of  Canada  passed the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority Act, which officially approved construction from the Canadian government.

The Halibut Treaty of 1923

  • The Convention Between Canada and the United States of America for the Preservation of the Halibut Fishery of the Northern Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea, otherwise known as the Halibut Treaty of 1923, was the first treaty independently negotiated and signed by the Canadian government prior to their official separation from Britain.