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Climate and Environment (Canada-U.S. Relations)


Canada-US Convention Protecting Migratory Birds

  • In August 1916, the governments of Canada and the United States signed the Convention for the Protection of Migratory Birds (otherwise known as the Migratory Birds Convention) that was intended to regulate the birds' harvest and preserve their species.
  • However, when the convention was first signed, it only protected migratory birds that were deemed useful or harmless to humans, meaning several species of migratory birds were excluded because they were und

Canada-US Boundary Waters Treaty

  • The Canada-US Boundary Waters Treaty was enforced in May 1910 and has been a cornerstone to the prosperity of Canadian waters including lakes, rivers, and waterways that cross both Canadian and American borders.
  • The Treaty has been enforced for over a century with the main purpose being to be a main mechanism to address boundary and transboundary water disputes particularly regarding water quality and quantity.

Transboundary Management Guidance Committee

  • The Transboundary Management Guidance Committee (TMGC) was created in 2000 as a government committee made up of Canadian and American representatives.
  • The committee's purpose is to give share harvest strategies and resources for Canada-US authorities who manage resources like cod, haddock, yellowtail flounder and other transboundary resources on Georges Bank, which is located between Cape Cod, Massachusetts and Cape Sable Island, Nova Scotia.