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Modern and Historic Treaties (Indigenous Peoples)


Treaty of Peace and Neutrality

  • This article discusses some historic moments and vital treaties made with First Nations peoples between 1701–1760.
  • It discusses the power struggles for land in North America between the British and the French, the creation of the Indian Department, the Seven Years War, and the Seven Nations neutrality negotiations (including the Treaty of Oswegatchie and the Murray Treaty), which promised certain rights to land and hunting practices that remain important today.

Robinson Treaties and Douglas Treaties

  • This publication discusses the history of the Robinson-Superior/Robinson-Huron Treaties of 1850 and the Douglas Treaties of 1850–1854.
  • In September of 1850, the two Robinson treaties were signed, which gave Indigenous land and rights over the shores of Lake Huron and Superior to the Crown in exchange for further hunting/fishing rights, reserves, and annual payments.
  • These treat

Upper Canada Land Surrenders and the Williams Treaties

  • This document gives the historic explanation of the Upper Canada Land Surrenders and the Williams Treaties (1764–1862/1923)
  • The Upper Canada Land Surrenders were a series of agreements that surrendered Indigenous land to the Crown (for settlers and development) throughout the province of Ontario in exchange for money.
  • The Williams Treaties (1923) was the last historic land cess

About the Nisga'a Final Agreement

  • This is the Canadian government's document regarding the Nisga'a Final Agreement, which came into effect in 2000.
  • The Nisga'a Treaty was the conclusion to 113 years of challenges and negotiations between the Nisga'a and the federal government.
  • Put simply, this treaty gives the Nisga'a the right to self-determination (conforming to Section 35 of the Canadian Constitution), they

Peace and Friendship Treaties in the Maritimes and Gaspé

  • This document gives a historical overview of the Peace and Friendship Treaties of the 1700's, which are vital historical documents that helped develop the Canada we know today.
  • It includes a history of the three First Nations groups involved in the treaties, details regarding the initial contact between the First Nations and the colonial settlers, details of the treaties made from 1726–1779, and how land disputes were managed during the period of 1780.

History of Treaty-Making in Canada

  • This document identifies the significance and history of treaty-making in Canada and how it has shaped the evolution of Canada (from the 1500s onward).
  • In particular, it includes details of the Treaty of Albany (1701), the Peace and Friendship Treaties, Treaties after the Seven Years War, The Royal Proclamation (1763), the Robinson/Douglas Treaties, the Indian Act