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Climate and Environment (Canada-U.S. Relations)


Pacific Salmon Treaty

  • The Pacific Salmon Treaty (PST) is a bilateral treaty signed by Canada and the United States in 1985 that provides a framework for the two countries to work collaboratively to manage and preserve the  Pacific salmon populations since both countries depend upon the prosperity of the species for trade and for environmental considerations.
  • This Treaty includes commitments from both countries to ensure proper fishing practices (i.e.

The Global Methane Pledge

  • The Global Methane Pledge is a global initiative to encourage countries to reduce their methane emissions by at least 30% of 2020 levels by 2030.
  • The pledge also involves utilizing the highest tier good practice inventory methodologies created by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change to quantify methane emissions.
  • If successful, this pledge is meant to reduce warming by

Fish and Seafood Exports

  • Both the United States and Canada are each other's biggest seafood exporting markets and share several marine and freshwater fish stocks.
  • This longstanding partnership has brought forth various bilateral fishery agreements including treaties for Pacific halibut and Pacific salmon, among others.

High-Level Ministerial Dialogue on Climate Ambitions

  • In February 2021, President Joe Biden and Prime Minister Justin Trudeau launched the Canada-US High Level Ministerial Dialogue on Climate Ambition at their bilateral meeting.
  • This dialogue emerged from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) warning back in 2018 where the panel warned the international community that the world would face catastrophic and potentially irreversible impacts with rising global temperatures.

Canada-US Agreement on Porcupine Caribous Herd Conservation

  • The porcupine caribou is a herd that migrates annually between the Canadian and American borders and due to its importance (culturally and in providing sustenance) to First Nations and residents in the Yukon and Northwest Territories and Alaska, maintaining the population is a great of importance to both nations.
  • The first formal recognition of the International Porcupine Caribou Agreement was signed in 1987, and continues today as being a vital agreement along wi